The article provides information about the research work carried out to study the patho- and morpho-genetic features of morphofunctional changes occurring in the tissue structures of the thyroid and adrenal glands under the influence of barocamera hypoxia. The object of the study were the thyroid and adrenal glands of adult male white rats with a mass of 180-200 grams. In the course of the study, anatomic, histological and morphometric examination methods were used. During the morphological study of the thyroid and adrenal glands parenchyma and stroma of the glands in all animals under the infuence of acute hypoxia, diffuse edema, acute dilatation of the vessels in the microcirculatory bed, fragmentation of the walls, violation of the completeness of the endothelial layer, absorption of blood plasma into the vascular wall were observed. These dystrophic changes are more pro-nounced in the adrenal gland than in the thyroid gland. This is explained by the fact that the adrenal gland is more sensitive to stress factors and cells are more damaged, and the thyroid gland is more early to hypoxia.
At the moment, there are some differences in the papers about bullous emphysema of the lungs. Some authors prefer to divide this pathology into a separate nosological unit, despite the general tendency to consider bullous emphysema as one of the manifestations of emphysema of the lungs, which in most cases is a clinical form of COPD. But the dilemma, in turn, does not solve the problem of qualitative diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Currently, there is a small amount of works related to epidemiology and struc-tured data on the treatment of bullous emphysema, although this pathology has a significant influence on the population. This review article will show the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of bullous emphysema.
Keywords
bullous emphysema, pulmonary bullae, surgical reduction of lung volume
Vascular diseases of the brain are one of the main problems of modern medicine. The quantity and quality of neurosurgical operations is growing. We conducted a search for literature covering various vari-ants of the structure of vascular blood supply to the brain; we were interested in trifurcation of the internal carotid artery, as the most common development option among non-classical ones. We tried to illuminate the frequency of occurrence of posterior ICA trifurcation, its functional significance, and the effect on the development of circulatory disturbances in the brain and vascular anomalies.
Keywords
trifurcation, internal carotid ar-tery, structural features of blood vessels
Materials and methods. Sectional materials were studied in 5 patients who died from sepsis: 4 women (80%) and 1 man (20%). Histological structural changes in renal tissue were investigated by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The autopsy was performed at an early stage (1-6 hours after death). The control group has included 10 kidneys of healthy people who died, as a result, an accident. Sections were made from paraffin blocks. Sections 6 μ thick were cut from paraffin blocks and Anty-E. Coli LPS anti-body (2D7/1) 1/100 by the immunocytochemical method was used..
Results. Pronounced changes were observed in the proximal, distal tubules of the kidneys and Henle loop cells in histochemical and immunochemical studies. The following 1 (20%) patients had 3 (+ + +) stain-ing in the proximal tubules, 2 (40%) 2 (++) in the proximal and distal tubules, 1 (20%) 1 (+) weak staining. Staining was not observed in 1 (20%) patient..
Conclusion. These changes were manifested primarily as a result of the accumulation of lymphocytes in the area of inflammation. Thus, under the influence of endotoxins LPS (lipopolysaccharide) with bacterial intoxication, irreversible changes in epithelial cells and sensitive tubules are not rarely observed, accom-panied by fragmentation of the microvilli of the brush border on the apical part of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited kidney disease found in adults. The urgency of the problem is due to the peculiarity of the development and growth of cysts, the in-ability of existing methods of treatment to prevent an increase in the size of cysts and kidneys, and progres-sive impaired renal function. This article describes the general characteristics of ADPP, presents an analysis of the clinical case of a complicated course of ADPP.
Performed analysis of experience sing surgical methods of treatment of 22 patients with M/XDR-TB with chemotherapy by new and repurposed preparations. Clinical surgical efficiency was achieved in 20 (91.0%) patients with mortality in 2 (9.0%) patients. Of the 14 patients who completed the full course of chemotherapy, the outcomes of treatment were “Cured” in 7 (31.8%), “treatment completed” in -5 (22.7%) patients, and “died” in 2 (14.3%). Other 8 (36.4%) patients continue treatment. The outcome “Treatment success” was obtained in 12 (85.7%) patients.
