Background. Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. This review examines the emerging role of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have enabled deeper examination of complex interactions between intestinal microbial communities and cardiovascular health.
Methods. This review followed jllpb guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases through March 2024. Search terms included "gut microbiome," "atherosclerosis," and related concepts. Studies examining relationships between gut microbiome composition and AS were included, with data extracted using standardized forms and organized into four categories for qualitative synthesis.
Results. Research reveals atherosclerosis patients exhibit reduced bacterial diversiW\ and altered )irmicutes WR %acteroidetes ratios SpeciʖF WD[onomic signatures include increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria. Key microbial metabolites LQʗuence atherosclerosis development short chain fatty acids demonstrate anti LQʗammatory properties trimethylamine 1 R[ide enhances macrophage cholesterol accumulation bile acids modulate lipid metabolism and lipopolysaccharides trigger LQʗammatory cascades involved LQ plaque formation
Conclusion. Understanding gut microbiome contributions to atherosclerosis pathogenesis offers new possibilities for prevention and treatment through microbiota modulation RU targeting speciʖF microbial metabolites representing D paradigm shift toward personalized approaches considering interactions between genetics, environment, and microbiome. '2, %6. ,, Issilbayeva A.
Background. With the aging population, the number of people with frailty syndromes receiving treatment for cardiovascular diseases is increasing. Diagnosis of frailty syndrome prior to complex and invasive procedures may have implications for prognosis and recovery. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of frailty and describe its associated clinical course and outcomes in patients referred for cardiac surgery.
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort of patients over 18 years of age referred for cardiac surgery DW the non proʖW joint stock company National ScientiʖF Cardiac Surgery Center" in Astana, Department of Cardiac Surgery, from November 2022 to April 2023, was examined before surgery for the presence of frailty, determined E\ the GHʖcit accumulation model scale The analysis included clinical anamnestic instrumental and laboratory data, surgical results, development of complications and adverse outcomes in the perioperative period. Statistical processing of the study results was performed.
Results. Fragility was detected in 32% of patients before open cardiac surgery. Differences were revealed LQ the intraoperative and early postoperative periods rhythm disturbances developed more often versus transient ischemic attack acute cerebrovascular accident of the ischemic type (8.3% versus 3.9%), hydrothorax (31.25% versus 11.7% and 5.8%), implantation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (12.5 % versus 3.9%) .In the group of patients with frailty, two fatal outcomes were recorded. Conclusions. Frailty was observed in 32% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and was associated with higher risk of morbidity and increased healthcare utilization. '2, %6. ,, Bekbosynova M.
Background. Employment plays a crucial role in the quality of life of patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, offering psychological, social and economic beneʖWV This study H[amines the impact RI employment RQ the quality of life in end-stage chronic kidney disease patients.
Objective. To evaluate the LQʗuence RI employment RQ the quality RI life LQ patients with end stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, with a focus on physical, psychological, and social well-being.
Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study assessed patients with endstage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, including demographic, clinical, and employment information. Quality of life was measured using the synthesized SF-36.
Results. Out of 60 patients (mean age 58 years), 20 had high physical functioning (above 45 points), and 31 had good mental health. Only 10 patients showed high scores in both categories. Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between age and mental health U The results support the positive impact RI emplo\ment and social activity on the quality of life of patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Conclusion. This study demonstrates that employment positively affects the quality of life in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Employed patients reported higher physical and mental health scores, highlighting the potential beneʖWV RI social engagement and employment LQ this population )urther research with a larger sample size and inclusion of comparison groups is needed to explore the full impact of social activity on the well-being of these patients. '2, %6. ,, Bodessova S.
Background. Surgical replacement of heart valves with mechanical prostheses is a life-saving procedure for patients with valvular defects. Postoperative success depends heavily RQ the HIʖcacy and safety RI anticoagulant therapy :arfarin remains the primary drug WR prevent thrombotic complications LQ such patients 'espite its HIʖFDcy, warfarin requires individualized dosing, long-term monitoring, and careful bleeding risk assessment. It is a leading cause of serious adverse drug reactions, accounting for up to one-third of related hospitalizations and deaths. A pharmacogenetic approach is increasingly important in optimizing warfarin therapy. Gene polymorphisms affect warfarin metabolism and sensitivity, making the study of these factors particularly relevant in underrepresented populations, such as patients of Kazakh nationality. However, there is limited data on warfarin response in this group. Materials and
Methods. This LV the ʖrst study RI its kind among Kazakh patients It includes 310 individuals who underwent mechanical heart valve replacement and received warfarin therapy between 2015 and 2020. The aim was to evaluate the association between genotype, warfarin dose, and complication rates.
Results. Patients showed variable coagulation responses with INR ʗuctuations and both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications documented. Risk factors for adverse outcomes were identiʖHG underscoring the importance RI individualized dosing and close monitoring. Conclusions. This study highlights the need for genotype-based dose adjustment to improve the safety and effectiveness of warfarin therapy in Kazakh patients after mechanical valve replacement. '2, %6. ,, Nurbay Z.
Background. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio is a well-established marker RI early kidney damage endothelial dysfunction and systemic LQʗammation (levated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality 'uring surgical stress urinary albumin WR creatinine ratio may UHʗect vascular and LQʗammatory changes yet its prognostic value LQ surgical patients remains insufʖciently studied Objective 7R assess the prognostic signiʖcance RI urinary DOEXmin-to-creatinine ratio in patients undergoing surgical interventions. Materials and
Methods. A retrospective analysis included 171 patients (98 men, 73 women aged ɇ years who underwent various surgeries DW the National ScientiʖF Center of Surgery named after ^KkK Syzganov from March 2022 to March 2025. Random morning urine samples were analyzed for albumin and creatinine, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was calculated. Measurements were performed using Cobas 303 and 311 analyzers (Roche Diagnostics).
Results. The mean age was 53.2 years. Mean urinary creatinine and albumin were mmol / and PJ / with median values RI mmol / and PJ / respectively Median urinary albumin WR creatinine ratio was PJ mmol mean was PJ mmol indicating skewness 1R signiʖcant correlation was found between albumin and creatinine ƣ ɇ S $ moderate non signiʖcant inverse correlation was observed LQ the high level subgroup Q
Conclusion. Although overall correlations were not signiʖcant ʖndings suggest that urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio may have prognostic potential. Further prospective studies are needed, especially in abdominal surgery settings. '2, %6. ,, Aubakirova A.
The study is aimed at determining the relationship between age-related testosterone decline and depression in overweight Kazakh men.
Materials and methods. In total, 417 men of Kazakh nationality, residents of Semey, Abay region, took part in the case-control study. Of these, 135 men had signs of hypogonadism, and 282 men in the control group had no signs of hypogonadism, which is detected by the Ageing Male Screening "questionnaire for age-related symptoms of depression.
Results. There is a pronounced correlation between clinically manifest hypogonadism and depression in the studied patient population (rs = 0.766, p<0.001). The level of testosterone is inversely proportional to the severity of depression, i.e., its lower level correlates with more severe depression (rs = -0.402, p < 0.001) of total. Similarly, a trend is observed in the free testosterone-depression correlation (rs = -0.210, p < 0.001), while there is no correlation between signs of depression and the bioavailable testosterone fraction.
Conclusion. Men naturally protect themselves against depressive disorders with testosterone, but this protection disappears as soon as it drops. Thus, the way the bioavailable testosterone fraction affects depression levels in older men needs further research. Men with age-related hypogonadism and depression who attend an erectile dysfunction clinic form a distinct subgroup of patients. Such a category is to be carefully differentiated by the etiology of depressive disorder and erectile dysfunction.
N.* Kadroldinova, T. Ukybassova, B. Primbetov, B. Imankulova, S. Makhambetova, M. Galym, A. Batpanova, D. Baktybayeva, K. Nurgaliyeva, Z. Zhumakanova, K. Kongrtay, N. Kamzayeva
Background. Precancerous lesions of the cervix in women of reproductive age are an urgent problem of modern medicine. Despite progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus mediated carcinogenesis and the introduction of screening and vaccination programs, the incidence of cervical cancer remains high worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and distribution of different cervical precancerous lesions. Materials and method. This is a cross-sectional study based on the University cluded 403 women of reproductive age (18-45 years). Two statistical analyses were used to compare differences between groups: the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Jonckheere– Terpstra test.
Results. Age of the patients, Body Mass Index, age at menarche and other variables are distributed similarly among different precancerous lesion groups, suggesting homogeneous distribution of study population among cervical cytological groups. Overall, 35.1% of patients were tested positive for high-risk human papillomavirus in our cohort. Among 12 high risk human papillomavirus genotypes, ems-16 was the most prevalent high-risk human papillomavirus genotype with prevalence of 11.4%, followed by emsRO with a prevalence of 6.6% each other and ems-33 that was present in 5.3% patients who tested positive for human papillomavirus.
Conclusion. among other Asian countries and underscores the value of ongoing regional surveillance to inform effective vaccination and screening policy.
Ключевые слова
Human papillomavirus, cervical precancerous lesions, cervical cancer, high-risk HPV genotypes
Background. Metabolically associated fatty liver disease is closely linked to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease but the role of triglycerides as predictors of metabolically associated fatty liver disease severity remains underexplored.
Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the association between triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis and ʖbrosis LQ patients DW high cardiovascular risk
Methods. A total of 284 patients with cardiovascular disease and suspected metabolically associated fatty liver disease underwent clinical evaluation lipid proʖling and non-invasive liver assessment via Fibroscan. Spearman correlation analysis was used WR H[plore relationships between triglycerides liver steatosis ʖbrosis and lipid parameters.
Results. Triglycerides showed a modest positive correlation with hepatic steatosis U and D weaker correlation with ʖbrosis U Additionally triglycerides correlated moderately with total cholesterol U and low density lipoprotein cholesterol U 1R signiʖcant VH[ differences LQ liver disease stages were found
Conclusion. Triglycerides may serve as accessible biomarkers for early metabolically associated fatty liver disease related liver changes in cardiovascular patients. Further research is needed to validate their clinical utility. '2, %6. ,, Bekbossynova M.
Background. Biliary atresia is a rare, progressive disease of the bile ducts in infants (progressive cholangiopathy) that leads to cirrhosis and liver failure if untreated. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are crucial for preserving the native liver. In the Republic RI Kazakhstan diagnostic delays remain D signiʖcant challenge QHFHVVLtating improved strategies for early detection and prognosis.
Methods. A retrospective and prospective study was conducted involving 100 children diagnosed with biliary atresia Patients were divided into two groups those who underwent Kasaiportoenterostomy and those who required primary liver transplantation Clinical characteristics biochemical markers ultrasound ʖndings and genetic data were collected. Statistical analysis included correlation studies, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess a predictive model for Kasai outcomes.
Results. The Kasai procedure was successful in 34 percent of cases. Surgery performed before days RI life signiʖcantly improved outcomes )actors associated with poor prognosis included elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (above 600 international units per liter liver cirrhosis conʖrmed E\ biopsy mutations LQ the -$**(' gene, and altered expression of nuclear receptors-pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor. The predictive model incorporating these factors demonstrated 81 percent sensitivity and percent speciʖcity LQ identifying Kasai failure
Conclusion. Early intervention is critical to improve survival with the native liver in children with biliary atresia. The proposed prognostic model can support individualized treatment decisions. Implementation of a national screening and diagnostic algorithm in Kazakhstan could reduce delays and improve long-term outcomes. '2, %6. ,, Yerimova N.
The liver is an essential organ in the human body, responsible for a multitude of critical tasks. Diseases affecting the liver can be incredibly serious, often endangering life. At present, liver transplantation stands as the only demonstrated successful remedy for these acute ailments. Early investigations explored non-biological treatments, employing conventional deto[Lʖcation techniques such DV ʖltration and dialysis The absence RI liver cells LQ these methods limited patient survival and failed WR sufʖciently provide essential liver speciʖF functions This prompted increasing interest LQ GHYHORSing biological therapy-based extracorporeal liver support systems, intended as a temporary measure leading to liver transplantation or as a supportive approach for a failing liver $ bioartiʖcial liver support system involves DQ H[tracorporeal device circulating plasma over living and actively functioning hepatocytes within a bioreactor. This system is designed to assist the diseased liver until it either recovers on its own or until a suitable transplant organ becomes available. This review presents a concise summary of the effectiveness of currently available liver support systems. Furthermore, it explores the progression of advanced liver support systems, assessing enhancements to critical elements like the cell source, along with culture and circulation conditions, for the maintenance RI crucial liver speciʖF functionalities '2, %6. ,, Kuandykov T.
