B.B. Baimakhanov

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-5886

Articles found: 6

  • Bile Duct Atresia. Literature Review (Issue № 3, 2025)

    Biliary atresia, Z.U. diagnosis, Bakhytzhan Shirtayev, Kurbanov Doniyor, Azadbekova Zarnigora, Subhash Gupta
    2025-09-30
    96–114
    Abstract

    Biliary atresia is a rare but severe congenital disease characterized by progressive obstruction of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts and leading to cholestasis, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver in newborns. Epidemiological data demonstrate the variability of prevalence in different regions, which indicates the possible influence of genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of the disease remains the subject of active study and includes the interaction of immune, viral and molecular mechanisms leading to damage to the bile ducts. Clinical diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific symptoms such as jaundice, light feces, and dark urine, which makes early detection critical to improve outcomes. Surgical intervention, known as Kasai surgery, remains the main treatment method and is aimed at restoring bile outflow, however, a significant proportion of patients eventually require liver transplantation. Current research focuses on the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis, the study of molecular targets, and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, including immunomodulation and cellular technologies. The literature data emphasize the need for an integrated approach to disease management and further scientific research to improve clinical outcomes.

    Keywords

    Biliary atresia, diagnosis, screening, cytomegalovirus, portoenterostomy, Kasai, liver, transplantation, immunology, immunosuppression

  • Acute Liver Failure On The Background Of Chronic Liver Disease Due To Hepatitis Virus Reactivation (Issue № 3, 2025)

    Bolatbek Baimakhanov, Shokan Kaniyev, Maxat Doskhanov, Almagul Jumabaeva, Zhambyl Ospan, Milliyenium Maulen, Ainur Aftandilkyzy, Magzhan Tursynbay
    2025-09-30
    4–9
    Abstract

    Today, hepatitis B virus-associated acute liver failure remains the leading cause of liver failure (44% mortality in Asia and 41% in the United States). Studies show that among patients with hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis, acute liver failure develops in 10-20% of cases. Acute liver failure on chronic liver disease is a potentially reversible syndrome that occurs in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease and is characterized by acute decompensation, organ failure, and high short-term mortality. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a leading cause of liver morbidity and mortality worldwide. When we talk about hepatitis B, there is a high risk of developing super infection hepatitis D, since hepatitis D remains infectious and can reactivate at very low titers that are not detected using modern analysis methods if HBsAg remains in the blood serum. The interaction of these viruses leads to accelerated progression of fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, which significantly increases the risk of developing acute liver failure against the background of chronic.

    In our case, a patient diagnosed with liver cirrhosis as a result of viral hepatitis B with delta agent, class C according to Child–Pugh–Turcotte, MELD-36 points, the patient developed a severe form of acute renal failure, which required emergency intervention, so he was not included in the waiting list for a transplant from a cadaveric donor. His wife became the donor, which is an example of living donation, which provides higher chances of successful recovery due to a shorter waiting time and a lower risk of graft rejection. Timely examination of the donor and recipient, as well as prompt liver transplantation, contributed to a favorable outcome of the disease.

    Keywords

    viralre activation, acute-on-chronic liver failure, liver transplantation

  • A new perspective on diagnosis: the potential of CT perfusion in chronic liver disease (literature review) (Issue № 3, 2024)

    G. Battalova, D. Baiguissova, E. Kalshabay, A. Mukhamejanova, A. Mukanova, D. Nagimova, A. Kabidenov, B. Abzhaparova, B. Baimakhanov
    2024-09-30
    98–107
    Abstract

    : the aim of this study is to analyze the current advances of CT perfusion in the diagnosis of liver disease. Liver fibrosis is a characteristic feature of chronic liver disease and is confirmed by liver biopsy, which is an invasive method. Morphologic parameters of cirrhosis are evaluated by conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additional studies of new imaging modalities are needed for earlier diagnosis, surveillance and accurate treatment, CT perfusion has several advantages by examining the arterial and venous blood flow of the liver, which gives a more complete picture of early functional changes in the liver. Despite the advantages of this method, the results of postprocessing in different stages of fibrosis and etiology of its development are not fully understood.

    Keywords

    CT perfusion, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, computed tomography, liver elastometry

  • Results of gastrointestinal bleeding treatment in the republic of kazakhstan over 10 years (Issue № 3, 2024)

    O.T. Ibekenov, A. E. Ayupov, A.N. Zhuraeva, B.B. Baimakhanov, S.А. Kaniyev, M.O. Doskhanov, A.O. Ibekenova, A. Ibekenova
    2024-09-30
    10–18
    Abstract

    Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a significant cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. This retrospective study analyzes the incidence, treatment outcomes, and mortality of GIB in the Republic of Kazakhstan over a 10-year period (2014–2023) using data from 101,703 patients across 254 medical institutions. The study differentiates between non-variceal and variceal GIB, highlighting a 24.5% increase in non-variceal cases and a 45.1% increase in variceal cases due to higher rates of acute ulcerative lesions and liver cirrhosis, respectively. Men were disproportionately affected, accounting for 69.3% of cases, with the highest incidence in the 18-59 age group. Despite a 27.8% increase in GIB cases, overall mortality decreased from 7.8% in 2014 to 5.0% in 2023, largely due to advances in endoscopic hemostasis and critical care management. The mortality rate for non-variceal GIB decreased to 3.0%, while variceal GIB decreased from 23.8% to 13.6%. The results underscore the need for improved prevention, especially in high-risk populations using NSAIDs and anticoagulants, and in those with chronic conditions such as liver disease.

    Keywords

    gastrointestinal bleeding, incidence, mortality

  • Diagnosis and modern treatment methods for hepatic hemangioma (literature review) (Issue № 4, 2023)

    B.B. Baimakhanov, G. Oryngali, Zh.S. Suiindik, A.K. Kydyrbaeva., Y. Y. Barakhan, D.S. Abilkaiyr, Sh.A. Narynbay, А.М. Tolegenova, O.T. Ibekenov, Sh.А. Kaniyev
    2023-12-22
    Abstract

    Background. Hepatic hemangioma is the most common form among benign liver tumors. The vast majority is asymptomatic, usually detected accidentally during screening. A thorough study is required to distinguish it from other local liver pathologies, therefore, in the review paper below we have analyzed important issues during the diagnosis and treatment of liver hemangioma in international experience. The aim of this study differentiation of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of liver hemangioma in clinical practice..

    Material and methods. In the review work, a literature review of randomized, meta-analyses, clinical trials and international clinical recommendations in English and Russian, published only from January 2010 to August 2023 in bibliographic and other electronic medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, GoogleScholarship, Springer, rare clinical cases were carried out. Criteria for inclusion in the study: 1) full-text research published in the database; 2) research in English or Russian; 3) research carried out or published in the last 2010-2023 years. Conclusions. As the most common benign liver tumor, the incidence of hepatic hemangioma during autopsy is from 0.4 to 20%. Most hepatic hemangiomas are asymptomatic, small-sized forms do not require intervention. Liver hemangioma can be easily diagnosed using ultrasound, or cop phase spiral contrast computer tomography. An indication for surgical resection is a feeling of progressive pain in the abdomen and a size of more than 5 cm. Some patients also have giant hemangiomas with minimal symptomatic. Giant hemangiomas (>10cm) are most often manifested by symptoms and require mandatory surgical intervention. The most commonly used method for the treatment of hemangiomas today is transaortic embolization, surgical resection. But to date, there is no consensus on the best treatment for patients with symptomatic and/or large hemangiomas.

    Keywords

    hepatic hemangioma, embolization of hepatic arteries, benign tumor, radiofrequency ablation

  • WHAT SCALES SHOULD THE CARDIOLOGIST USE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? WHAT IS NEW? (Issue № 2, 2024)

    K.A. Bizhanov, A.K. Baimbetov, B.B. Baimakhanov, Sh.A. Kaniev, O.T. Ibekenov, A.B. Sarsenbaeva, G.N. Ismailova
    2024-06-28
    61–77
    Abstract

    The current treatment algorithm for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) includes anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism, improvement of AF symptom control by heart rate reduction or restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, and treatment of cardiovascular and other comorbidities. The evaluation of patients with AF should be structured and include assessment of stroke risk, symptom severity, severity of the AF burden (type of arrhythmia, number and duration of episodes, etc.) and predisposing condition. The use of the CHA2DS2-VASc (risk of stroke), HAS-BLED (risk of bleeding), EHRA (severity of AF symptoms), and 2MACE (risk of cardiovascular outcomes) scales is important to help assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes and select the optimal treatment to protect not only against stroke but also against cardiovascular events. It should be noted that the HAS-BLED scale is primarily necessary for identification of bleeding risk factors, the modification of which allows to increase the safety of anticoagulant therapy, and a high index value according to this scale can’t serve as a reason to refuse anticoagulation in a patient with AF. New scales of stroke and hemorrhagic complications risk assessment in patients with AF on the basis of clinical parameters and laboratory biomarkers have been proposed, but their possible advantages over the existing indices need to be confirmed in special studies.

    Keywords

    Atrial fibrillation, stroke, bleeding, scales, direct oral anyicoagulants, myocardial infarction, interventional arrhythmology, cardiology