4. Improving The Organization Of Early Diagnosis Of Manifestations Of Microangiopathy To Prevent The Risk Of Complications

Аңдатпа

Background. Microangiopathy is a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions characterized by damage to small-caliber blood vessels, leading to impaired microcirculation and subsequent disruption of trophic, gas exchange, detoxification, and immune functions. It frequently develops in diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, systemic autoimmune, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Untimely detection of microangiopathic changes significantly increases the risk of severe complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cognitive impairment, stroke, and dementia.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted using brain magnetic resonance imaging data obtained on a 1.5 Tesla General Electric scanner at Clinical Hospital No. 5 in Almaty from 2022 to 2024. Patient records were evaluated for the presence and severity of microangiopathic changes according to the Fazekas scale.

Results. Among 1,814 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance, pathological changes were detected in 58% of cases, of which 79% were of a microangiopathic nature. Early-stage changes (Fazekas 1) accounted for 57% of cases, suggesting that detection often occurs before severe structural damage develops. Advanced microangiopathy (Fazekas 2–3) was observed in the remaining cases, indicating the need for closer clinical monitoring and targeted intervention.

Conclusion. The findings demonstrate the high prevalence of microangiopathy among patients undergoing brain magnetic resonance in Almaty. Early detection through neuroimaging provides an opportunity for timely preventive and therapeutic measures, potentially reducing the risk of severe neurological complications and improving patient outcomes.